Nasrolahzadeh (2023)
Methodology paper; AI application; not empirical trial
Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Kundalini Yoga Meditation: Secondary Analysis DESIGN: Secondary data analysis study using visibility graph (VG) method on existing heart rate time series. DATA SOURCE: Analyzed publicly available heart rate data from Chi meditation and Kundalini Yoga meditation practitioners (from Peng et al. 1999/2004 PhysioNet database). ANALYSIS METHOD: • Visibility graph analysis of heart rate time series • Power of Scale-Freeness (PS) and Graph Index Complexity (GIC) as quantitative measures • Differentiated rest vs. meditation states in both Chi and KY techniques • Machine learning classification (SVM, k-NN) KY MEDITATION TECHNIQUE ANALYZED: Same as Peng 1999 — Kundalini Yoga meditation as taught by Yogi Bhajan (slow breathing meditation producing prominent heart rate oscillations). NOTE: This is NOT an original KY intervention study. It is a computational/engineering analysis applying novel mathematical methods (visibility graphs, fractal analysis) to previously collected heart rate data. Published in Healthcare Analytics as a data science/engineering paper.