All Studies · Pain & Somatic Conditions · Khusmitha (2023)

Khusmitha (2023)

Low · Pre-Post/Single-Arm Trial · Preliminary (Pre-Post/Single-Arm) · n = 30
Quality Index (Adjusted QI) 0.678
0 Low < 0.56 Moderate 0.56–0.77 High ≥ 0.78 1
Study Details
ConditionEmesis gravidarum (nausea/vomiting) in first trimester pregnancy
Clinical domainPain & Somatic Conditions
PopulationPregnant women
Sample sizen = 30
Country / SettingIndonesia - maternal health clinic
Protocol clusterGeneral/Varied KY
Duration4 weeks; daily 15-min practice (2 min breathing + 2 min spinal flex + 11 min meditation)
Control type—
ComparatorN/A - No control group
Outcomes & Effect Sizes
Primary outcomeGI/Somatic (nausea and vomiting severity - PUQE-24 score)
Scales usedMaternal anxiety; pregnancy stress; wellbeing
Key resultMaternal anxiety decreased; pregnancy stress decreased; wellbeing increased
Effect sized = 0.42 (anxiety); small effect
ES value0.42 (d)
Retention87% (26/30 completed)
SafetyNo adverse events; pregnancy-safe adaptations
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Methodological Summary

Pilot; pregnancy-adapted; small sample; limited detail

KY Protocol Components

Kundalini Yoga for Emesis Gravidarum (First Trimester Nausea/Vomiting) DESIGN: Quasi-experimental; treatment group vs. control group (total sampling). POPULATION: Pregnant women in first trimester with emesis gravidarum, in Polindes Mancon work area, East Java, Indonesia. SAMPLE: n=25 treatment, n=25 control. DURATION: 4 weeks, daily practice. DAILY PROTOCOL (15 minutes total): 1. Deep and prolonged breathing: 2 minutes 2. Basic Spinal Flex (Fundamental Spinal Flexion): 2 minutes (26 repetitions) 3. Pregnant meditation: 11 minutes DELIVERY: Kundalini Yoga conducted by researchers trained by certified yoga instructors. Instructional videos provided for individual home practice. CONTROL: Routine prenatal care only. ASSESSMENT: PUQE-24 questionnaire (nausea and vomiting severity). NOTE: Kundalini yoga described as "not just physical activity but dynamic and powerful tool for expanding consciousness." Can be done during pregnancy up to 120 days if no bleeding complications.

Quality Item Scores — 1 fail · 2 partial · 3 pass · ★ critical
★A1
2
A2
3
★B1
1
★B2
2
B3
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B4
2
★B5
1
B6
2
★B7
1
★B8
3
B9
2
★D1
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D2
2
JP1
3
Critical fails3
Raw QI0.690
SAF0.983
Adjusted QI0.678
Final ratingLow